Introduction

Purpose

Before all the data entry is done manually which make storage andÂ retrieval difficult. For this purpose automation of Hospital Management is done.

It maintains two levels of users:- Administrator Level, User Level
The Software includes:- Maintaining Patient details. Providing Prescription, Precautions and Diet advice. Providing and maintaining all kinds of tests for a patient. Billing and Report generation.

Scope

It can be used in any Hospital, Clinic, Dispensary or Pathology labs for maintaining patient details and their test results.

Technologies to be used

This project will be a desktop application to be developed in VB 6.0 having Ms Access as backend. Database Design (Ms Access) Form Design (VB 6.0) Coding (VB 6.0) Testing (VB 6.0) Reporting Tool (Data Report)

Overview

Project is related to Hospital Management System. The project maintains two levels of users:-
Administrator Level-Doctor
User Level-Data Entry Operator Main facilities available in this project are:-
Maintaining records of indoor/outdoor patients.
Maintaining patients diagnosis details, advised tests to be done.
Providing different test facilities to a doctor for diagnosis of Â patients. >X-Ray Urine Test Stool Test Sonography Test ,Gastroscopy Test, Colonoscopy Test, Blood Test, Biochemistry Test, Maintaining patient injection entry records.
Maintaining patient prescription, medicine and diet advice details.
Providing billing details for indoor/outdoor patients.
Maintaining backup of data as per user requirements (between mentioned dates).
If user forgets his/her password then it can be retrieved by hint question. In this project collection of data is
from different pathology labs.
Results of tests, prescription, precautions and diet advice will be automatically updated in the database.
Related test reports, patient details report, prescription and billing reports can be generated as per user requirements. User or Administrator can search a patient record by his/her name or their registration date. Patient diet advice can be provided.

Overall description

Goals of proposed system

1. Planned approach towards working: - The working in the organization will be well planned and organized. The data will be Â stored properly in data stores, which will help in retrieval of information as well as its storage.
2. Accuracy: - The level of accuracy in the proposed system will be higher. All operation would be done correctly and it ensures that whatever information is coming from the center is accurate.
3. Reliability: - The reliability of the proposed system will be high due to the above stated reasons. The reason for the increased reliability of the system is that now there would be proper storage of information.
4. No Redundancy: - In the proposed system utmost care would be that no information is repeated anywhere, in storage or otherwise. This would assure economic use of storage space and consistency in the data stored.
5. Immediate retrieval of information: - The main objective of proposed system is to provide for a quick and efficient retrieval of information. Any type of information would be available whenever the user requires.
6. Immediate storage of information: - In manual system there are many problems to store the largest amount of information.
7. Easy to Operate: - The system should be easy to operate and should be such that it can be developed within a short period of time and fit in the limited budget of the user.

Background

A Hospital is a place where Patients come up for general diseases. Hospitals provide facilities like:-

Consultation by Doctors on Diseases.
Diagnosis for diseases.
Providing treatment facility.
Facility for admitting Patients (providing beds, nursing, medicines etc.)
Immunization for Patients/Children.

Various operational works that are done in a Hospital are:-

Recording information about the Patients that come.
Generating bills.
Recording information related to diagnosis given to Patients.
Keeping record of the Immunization provided to children/patients.
Keeping information about various diseases and medicines available to cure them.

These are the various jobs that need to be done in a Hospital by the operational staff and Doctors. All these works are done on papers. The work is done as follows:-

Information about Patients is done by just writing the Patients name, age and gender. Whenever the Patient comes up his information is stored freshly.
Bills are generated by recording price for each facility provided to Patient on a separate sheet and at last they all are summed up.
Diagnosis information to patients is generally recorded on the document, which contains Patient information. It is destroyed after some time period to decrease the paper load in the office.
Immunization records of children are maintained in pre-formatted sheets, which are kept in a file.
Information about various diseases is not kept as any document. Doctors themselves do this job by remembering various medicines.

All this work is done manually by the receptionist and other operational staff and lot of papers are needed to be handled and taken care of. Doctors have to remember various medicines available for diagnosis and sometimes miss better alternatives as they can't remember them at that time.

Project Requirements

User Characteristics Every user should be: Comfortable of working with computer. He must have knowledge in medical field. He must also have basic knowledge of English too.
Constraints GUI is only in English. Login and password is used for identification of user and there is no facility for guest.

Definitions of problems Problems with conventional system

Lack of immediate retrievals: -The information is very difficult to Â retrieve and to find particular information like- E.g. - To find out about the patient's history, the user has to go through various registers. This results in inconvenience and wastage of time.

Lack of immediate information storage: - The information Â generated by various transactions takes time and efforts to be
stored at right place.

Lack of prompt updating: - Various changes to information like Patient details or immunization details of child are difficult to make as paper work is involved.

Error prone manual calculation: - Manual calculations are error prone and take a lot of time this may result in incorrect information. For example calculation of patient's bill based on various treatments.

Preparation of accurate and prompt reports: - This becomes a Difficult task as information is difficult to collect from various registers.

Alternative Solutions

Improved Manual System:-

One of the alternative solutions is the improvement of the manual system. Anything, which can be done by using automated methods, can be done manually. But the question arises how to perform thing manually in a sound manner. Following are some suggestions, which can Â be Â useful Â in the manual system. A more sophisticate register maintenance Â for Â various Â Patient Â Information , DoctorÂ diary, Immunization Details and a good system for writing bill amount employees and stock availed for the customers can be maintained at central place. Adequate staff may be maintained so that updations are made at the very moment at the same time. Proper person for proper work should be made responsible so that a better efficiency could be achieved. This needs a lot of work force.

Batch System:-

Another alternative solution can be used of computer based batch system for maintaining the information regarding purchase details, customers and employees. A batch system refers to a system in which data is processed in a periodical basis. The batch system is able to achieve most of the goals and sub goals. But a batch system data is processed in sequential basis. Therefore batch system is not suggested.

Online System:-

This system (HIS) provides online storage/ updations and retrieval facility. This system promises very less or no paper work and also provides help to Doctor and operational staff. In this system everything is stored electronically so very less amount of paper work is required and information can be retrieved very easily without searching here and there into registers. This system is been discussed here.

Feasibility Study

Depending on the results of the initial investigation the survey is now expanded to a more detailed feasibility study. FEASIBILITY STUDY is a test of system proposal according to its workability, impact of the organization, ability to meet needs and effective use of the resources. It focuses on these major questions: 1. What are the user demonstrable needs and how does a
candidate system meet them? 2. What resources are available for given candidate system? 3. What are the likely impacts of the candidate system on
the organization?

Whether it is worth to solve the problem?

During feasibility analysis for this project, following primary areas of interest are to be considered. Investigation and generating ideas about a new system does this.

Steps in feasibility analysis

Eight steps involved in the feasibility analysis are:
Form a project team and appoint a project leader.
Prepare system flowcharts.
Enumerate potential proposed system.
Define and identify characteristics of proposed system.
Determine and evaluate performance and cost effective of each proposed system.
Weight system performance and cost data.
Select the best-proposed system.
Prepare and report final project directive to management.

Technical feasibility A study of resource availability that may affect the ability to achieve an acceptable system. This evaluation determines whether the technology needed for the proposed system is available or not.

Can the work for the project be done with current equipment existing software technology & available personal?
Can the system be upgraded if developed?
If new technology is needed then what can be developed?
This is concerned with specifying equipment and software that will successfully satisfy the user requirement. The technical needs of the system may include:

Front-end and back-end selection An important issue for the development of a project is the selection of suitable front-end and back-end. When we decided to develop the project we went through an extensive study to determine the most suitable platform that suits the needs of the organization as
well as helps in development of the project. The aspects of our study included the following factors.

Front-end selection:

It must have a graphical user interface that assists employees that are not from IT background.
Scalability and extensibility.
Flexibility.
Robustness.
According to the organization requirement and the culture.
Must provide excellent reporting features with good printing support.
Platform independent.
Easy to debug and maintain.
Event driven programming facility.
Front end must support some popular back end like Ms Access.

According to the above stated features we selected VB6.0 as the front-end for developing our project.

Back-end Selection:

Multiple user support.
Efficient data handling.
Provide inherent features for security.
Efficient data retrieval and maintenance.
Stored procedures.
Popularity.
Operating System compatible.
Easy to install.
Various drivers must be available.
Easy to implant with the Front-end.

According to above stated features we selected Ms-Access as the backend. The technical feasibility is frequently the most difficult area encountered at this stage. It is essential that the process of analysis and definition be conducted in parallel with an assessment to technical feasibility. It centers on the existing computer system (hardware, software etc.) and to what extent it can support the proposed system.

Economical feasibility

Economic justification is generally the Bottom Line consideration for most systems. Economic justification includes a broad range of concerns that includes cost benefit analysis. In this we weight the cost and the benefits associated with the candidate system and if it suits the basic purpose of the organization i.e. profit making, the project is making to the analysis and design phase. The financial and the economic questions during the preliminary investigation are verified to estimate the following:

The cost to conduct a full system investigation.
The cost of hardware and software for the class of application being considered.
The benefits in the form of reduced cost.

The proposed system will give the minute information, as a result the performance is improved which in turn may be expected to provide increased profits.
This feasibility checks whether the system can be developed with the available funds. The HIS does not require enormous amount of money to be developed. This can be done economically if planned judicially, so it is economically feasible. The cost of project depends upon the number of man hours required.

Operational Feasibility It is mainly related to human organizations and political aspects. The points to be considered are:

What changes will be brought with the system?
What organization structures are disturbed?
What new skills will be required? Do the existing staff members have these skills? If not, can they be trained in

due course of time? The system is operationally feasible as it very easy for the End users to operate it. It only needs basic information about Windows platform.

Schedule feasibility Time evaluation is the most important consideration in the development of project. The time schedule required for the developed of this project is very important since more development time effect machine time, cost and cause delay in the development of
other systems. A reliable

Hospital Management System can be developed in the considerable amount of time.

Data Flow Diagrams

DFD: Level 1

DFD: Level 2

ER Diagrams

Data Tables

Login :-
dt1

Patient_detail:-

dt2

Patient_diagnosis:-

Patient_diet_advice:-

Field Name	Data Type	Description
Dignosis_No	Number
Diet_Advice	Text

Patient_medice:-

Field Name	Data Type	Description
Dignosis_No	Number
Medicine_No	Number
Medicine_Name	Text
Precaution	Text
No_of_Doses	Number

Patient_injection_dates:-

Field Name	Data Type	Description
Dignosis_No	Number
Injection_Date	Date/Time
Status	Text

Biochemistry_test:-

Field Name	Data Type	Description
Registration_No	Number
Test_Date	Date/Time
Glucose_Fasting_R	Text	70-110 mg %
Two_Hr_Pg_Pp	Text	< 100 mg %
Blood_Urea	Text	10-40 mg %
Creatinine	Text	0.6-1.5 mg %
S_Cholesterol	Text	130-250 mg %
Total_Protein	Text	6.0-8.0 gm %
Albumin	Text	3.5-5.0 gm %
Globwlin	Text	2.3-3.6 gm %
A_G_Ratio	Text	? 1.5 :,-2.3:1
Game_Gt	Text	11-50 UL
Alkaline_Ptase	Text	10-90 U/L Adult
Bilirubin_Direct	Text	0.0-0.8 mg %
Bilirubin_Indirect	Text	0.0-0.6 mg %
Bilirubin_Total	Text	0.2-1.0 mg %
Sgot	Text	0-40 U/L
Sgpt	Text	0-40 U/L
Half_Hr_Pg_Pp	Text	< 110 mg %
One_Hr_Pg_Pp	Text	< 160 mg %
Bun	Text	8-20 mg %
Hdl_Cholesterol	Text	30-55 mg %
Ldl_Cholesterol	Text	60-165 mg %
Vldl_Cholesterol	Text	0-60 mg %
Triglycerides	Text	0-60 mg %
S_Total_Lipids	Text	400-700 mg %
S_Amylase	Text	25-125 U/L
S_Lipase	Text	8-54 Ug/L
Sodium	Text	136_146 mEq/L
Potassium	Text	3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Chloride	Text	94-111 mmo I/L
Calcium	Text	8.5-11.0 mg/dl
Ldh_Total	Text	230-461 U/L
Ck_Nac_Activated	Text	0-190 U/L
Ck_Mb_Nac_Activated	Text	< 12 U/L
Uric_Acid	Text
Urine_Sugar1	Text
Urine_Sugar2	Text
Urine_Sugar3	Text
Urine_Sugar4	Text
Acid_Ptase	Text
Glucose_R_PP	Text
T3	Text	0.3-2.5 uI U/L
T4	Text	4.5-12 uI U/L
TSH	Text	0.4-4.0 uI U/L

Blood_test:-

Field Name	Data Type	Description
Registration_No	Number
Test_Date
Haemoglobin	Text	13-15 GMS%
TLC	Text	4500-10500 CELLS/CU MM
Neutrophils	Text	DLC , 45-68%
Lymphocytes	Text	DLC , 25-45%
Eosinophil	Text	DLC , 2-6%
Monocytes	Text	DLC , 1-4%
Basophils	Text	DLC , 1-2%
Others	Text	DLC
ESR	Text	0-10 MM IST Hr
Peripheral_Blood_Film_1	Text
Peripheral_Blood_Film_1	Text
Haematocrit_pcv	Text

Total_rbc	Text	MIL/C.MM
Platelets	Text	CU.MM
Colour_index	Text
MCHC	Text
MCV	Text	Fl
MCH	Text	PG
TEC	Text	CU.MM
VEC	Text
Paracytes	Text
Blood_grouping	Text
Rh_factor	Text
Rh_antibody_tiler	Text
Direct	Text
Indirect	Text
Plasma_fibrinogen	Text	150-400mg%
Hiv	Text
Hbsag	Text
Widal	Text
Feotal_haemoglobin	Text
Reticulocytes	Text
Bleeding_time_min	Number
Cloting_time_sec	Number
Prothrombin_time_control	Text
Secs_patient_1	Text
Secs_patient_2	Text
Pttk_control	Text
Haemolysis_start_from	Date/time
Saline_complete_at	Date/time
Clot_retraction_time_ctr	Date/time
Le_cells	Text
ESR_platelets	Text

Colonoscopy_test:-

Field Name	Data Type	Description
Registration_no	Number
Test_date	Date/Time
Anal_canal	Text
Rectum	Text
Sigmoid_colon	Text
Descending_colon	Text
Splenic_flexture	Text
Transverse_colon	Text
Hepatic_Flexture	Text
Ascending_colon	Text
Caecum	Text
Terminal_ileum	Text
Biopsy	Text
Option1	Text
Option2	Text

Gastroscopy_test:-

Field Name	Data Type	Description
Registration_No	Number
Esophgus	Text
Fundus	Text
Test_Date	Date/Time
Esophgus	Text
Fundus	Text
Corpus	Text
Antrum	Text
Blub	Text
First_Part	Text
Second_Part	Text
Biopsy	Text
Opinion_First	Text
Pylorospasm	Text
Biliary_Reflux	Text
Gut_Hypomotility	Text
Opinion_second	Text

Forms & Reports

. Patient Diagnosis History Form

Conclusion

The project Hms is for computerizing the working in a hospital. The software takes care of all the requirements of an average hospital and is
capable to provide easy and effective storage of information related to patients that come up to the hospital.
It generates test reports; provide prescription details including various tests, diet advice, and medicines prescribed to patient and doctor. It also provides injection details and billing facility on the basis of patient's status whether it is an indoor or outdoor patient. The system also provides the facility of backup as per the requirement.

Bibilography

9. Bibliography

1. Mastering VB 6.0

2. Office 2007

Hospital Management System Project for IT/CSE